Who are Ahlul-Bayt?
Sheikh AbdulMuhsin Al-Abbaad حفظه الله تعالى said:
The correct view with regards to what is intended by Aalul-Bayt of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم is that they are those upon whom Sadaqah is Haram (to accept). They are his wives, his progeny, and every muslim male and female from the offsprings of Abdul-Muttalib - and they are Bani Haashim bin Abd-Manaaf.
Ibn Hazm said in "Jamharatu Ansaabil-'Arab" (p.14):
"Haashim bin ‘Abd-Manaaf had a son named Shaybah, who was (also known as) ‘Abdul-Muttalib. He was a pillar, and was noble, and there were no descendants (i.e. grandchildren) of Haashim except from Abdul-Muttalib."
Read on the descendants of Abdul-Muttalib in "Jamharatu Ansaabil-'Arab" of ibn Hazm (p.14-15), "At-Tabyeen fee Ansaabil Qurashiyyeen" of ibn Qudaamah (p.76), "Minhaajus-Sunnah" of ibn Taymiyyah (7/304-5), and "Fathul-Baari" of ibn Hajr (7/78-9).
And the proof to show that the children of his paternal uncles come under Ahlul Bayt is that which was reported by Muslim in his Saheeh (#1072), on the authority of Abdul-Muttalib bin Rabee'a bin Al-Haarith bin Abdul-Muttalib, that he and Al-Fadl bin Abbaas [the paternal cousin of the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم] went to the Messenger of Allaah صلى الله عليه وسلم both seeking from him to appoint them collectors of the Sadaqah so that they can gain some wealth to get married. So he صلى الله عليه وسلم said to them:
"It is not befitting for the family of Muhammad to accept Sadaqah, for it is the impurities of the people." Then he ordered their marriage [to take place] and the their dowry from the war booty.
And some of the people of knowledge, like Ash-Shaafi'ee and Ahmed, included Bani Al-Muttalib bin Abd-Manaaf together with Bani Haashim under the (ruling of) it being haraam for them to receive sadaqah, as they both shared in being given one-fifth from the spoils of war¹. This was narrated by Bukhari in his saheeh (#3140) on the authority of Jubayr bin Mut'im, where the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم distributed the spoils of war to Bani Haashim and Bani Al-Muttalib but not to their brethren from Bani Abd-Shams and Nawfal, because Bani Haashim and Bani Al-Muttalib are one.
As for his wives - may Allaah be pleased with them all - being included into his family صلى الله عليه وسلم, then the proof for that is the saying of Allaah عزّ وجلّ [addressing the prophet's wives]:
"And stay in your houses, and do not display yourselves like that of the times of ignorance, and perform As-Salat, and give Zakat and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah wishes only to remove Ar-Rijs (evil deeds and sins, etc.) from you, O members of the family (of the Prophet ﷺ), and to purify you with a thorough purification." - Al-Ahzab:33
Indeed, this verse is a proof that they (the wives) inevitably fall under Ahlul-Bayt, because the context of the verses before and after it (this verse) is addressed to them, and this verse does not contradict the hadith that was reported in Saheeh Muslim (#2424) on the authority of A'isha - may Allaah be pleased with her - that she said:
"The Prophet (ﷺ) went out one morning wearing a striped cloak of black fur then there came Al-Hasan bin 'Ali. He wrapped him under it. Then came Al-Husain and he wrapped him under it along with Al-Hasan. Then came Fatima and he took her under it, then came 'Ali and he also took him under it and then recited the verse:
"Allah wishes only to remove Ar-Rijs (evil deeds and sins, etc.) from you, O members of the family (of the Prophet ﷺ), and to purify you with a thorough purification."
- The Virtue of Ahlul-Bayt and Their High Station with Ahlus-Sunnah Wal-Jamaa'ah (pg 3-5)
¹ - This is in reference to the verse in Surah Al-Anfaal:
"And know that whatever of war-booty that you may gain, verily one-fifth (1/5th) of it is assigned to Allaah, and to the Messenger, and to the near relatives [of the Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم], (and also) the orphans, Al-Masakin (the poor) and the wayfarer, if you have believed in Allaah and in that which We sent down to Our slave (Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) on the Day of criterion (between right and wrong), the Day when the two forces met (the battle of Badr) - And Allaah is Able to do all things." - [8:4]
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