As-Siyaam (fasting) has 2 meanings; one is linguistic, and one is legislative.
The Linguistic Siyaam:
To merely refrain from something without an intention. So it is said: To fast from speaking, i.e. refrain from it, and to fast from sitting in the house and instead attaching (oneself to) the masjid, meaning, refraining from sitting in the house, to other than that from the linguistic things.
The Legislative Siyaam:
It is refraining with an intention, from the rising of the true dawn, until the setting of the sun, from the desires of the stomach and private parts. It is also said that it is: (to refrain) from all of that which breaks the fast from food, drink and whatever takes their ruling.
So the difference between the two meanings is the intention.
- Sheikh Ubayd bin Abdillah Al-Jaabiree حفظه الله تعالى in his Explanation of Kitaab As-Siyaam of Umdah Al-Ahkaam (Taken from https://miraath.net/شرح-كتاب-الصيام-من-عمدة-الأحكام-فضيل/
Lesson 1, 26 Rajab 1436, from 1:24 mins to 3:02 mins mark.)
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